This section focuses on the type and quality of housing within Ohio, including vacancy rates and the risk of lead-based paint hazard. Vacancy rates are indicative of housing market distress, whole older, inadequate homes present serious health challenges for Ohio's families, particularly those with young children.
Section Highlights:
- Since 2010 Ohio added only 89,897 housing units, a net increase of 1.8%. Much of this growth happened in suburban areas, while Ohio's urban cores have seen housing stock decline (–1.1%).
- Ohio's housing stock is relatively old. Half of Ohio's housing units were built before 1965. Nearly one in four housing units in Ohio were built before 1940, including 30% of the state's vacant housing.
- More than two-thirds of Ohio homes were built before 1980, making them old enough to contain lead-based paint, including 425,235 homes with young children present.
- In 2015 over 200,000 occupied housing units in Ohio were considered structurally inadequate. This represents over 4% of Ohio households, slightly below the national average (5%).
- Both homeowner and rental vacancy rates—1.7% and 5.8%, respectively—are at or near their lowest levels on record, indicating a very tight housing market.
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County Maps
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Change in Number of Housing Units, 2010 to 2018
Source: Population and Housing Unit Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau
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Single-Family Detached Homes as Share of Housing Units
Source: 2013–2017 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B25024
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Units in Multifamily Properties as Share of Housing Units
Source: 2013–2017 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B25024
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Mobile Homes as Share of Housing Units
Source: 2013–2017 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B25024
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Prevalence of Risk of Lead-Based Paint Hazard
Source: 2011–2015 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy Data, Table 13
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Prevalence of Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Under 6
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehousing, Ohio Department of Health (based on 2017 data)
Please be advised that the following maps and data visualizations are provided for informational purposes only. Load times will vary depending on your internet connection speed. To download the data for a specific map or data visualization, first click in the white space of the graphic, click the "Download" button below and then click "Data" in the menu that pops up. You may also access most of the data through the downloadable tables in Excel posted lower down on the page.
Homeowner Vacancy Rate
Source: 2013–2017 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 and B25004
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Rental Vacancy Rate
Source: 2013–2017 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 and B25004
Data Visualizations
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Change in Housing Units By Typology, 2008-2012 to 2013-2017
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) Five Year Estimates, Table B25001; OHFA 2018–2019 USR Opportunity Index, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, The Ohio State University
Please be advised that the following maps and data visualizations are provided for informational purposes only. Load times will vary depending on your internet connection speed. To download the data for a specific map or data visualization, first click in the white space of the graphic, click the "Download" button below and then click "Data" in the menu that pops up. You may also access most of the data through the downloadable tables in Excel posted lower down on the page.
Housing Inadequacy for Ohio & Comparison States
Source: 2015 American Housing Survey, U.S. Census Bureau
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Quarterly Vacancy Rates for the United States and Ohio By Tenure
Source: Housing Vacancy Survey, U.S. Census Bureau
Downloadable Tables
- Housing Stock Tables (87 KB Excel File)
Related Reports
- Fiscal Year 2019 Housing Needs Assessment (20.21 MB Adobe PDF File)
- Ohio Housing Finance Agency 2018 Annual Report (7.86 MB Adobe PDF File)
Notes
Typologies are defined by the Kirwan Institute at the census tract level, and are based on a combination of road network density, housing density, population density and age of housing.
"Multifamily" indicates a building with five or more units.
A home is at risk if it was built before 1980 and has at least one child under seven years present at least eight hours per week.
Elevated blood lead levels are defined as having five or more micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (µg/dL) and are tested in children under 6 years. The prevalence rate is the number of children with confirmed elevated blood lead levels divided by the number tested.
Housing inadequacy is defined by HUD and is based on having one or more plumbing, heating, electric, wiring or upkeep deficiencies.
The vacancy rate, also known as the "available housing vacancy rate," is defined as the number units available for sale or rent divided by the sum of the number of occupied units, units sold or rented but not occupied and units available for sale or rent. It excludes units for seasonal or occasional use, units for migrant workers and any other vacant units that are not currently on the housing market for whatever reason.
Data Sources
- Ohio State University, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, OHFA 2018-2019 USR Opportunity Index
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey (ACS)
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Housing Survey
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Housing Vacancy Survey
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD User, Comprehensive Housing Afford