FY 2024 Housing Needs Assessment Sections:

Jump to: Executive Summary | Table of Contents | Homeownership | Rental Housing | Utilities & Transportation | Housing Insecurity | Housing Stock | Health | Income & Labor | Demographics | How Ohio Compares


Housing Stock

This section focuses on the type, age, and quality of housing within Ohio, as well as new home construction, housing vacancy, and residential mobility. Slow growth in residential construction and historically-low housing vacancy rates create obstacles for prospective homebuyers and renters on fixed incomes.


Section Highlights

  • Since 2020 Ohio's housing stock has grown by 0.9%, less than half the national growth rate (+2.1%). Over this period, Central Ohio has experienced the most housing growth (+2.4%), while Southeast Ohio has had the slowest growth rate (+0.2%).
  • New residential construction has been steadily increasing since 2009; however production is still far below pre-recession levels. In 2022, 30,936 new privately-owned housing units were constructed in Ohio, representing a 29% increase from 2017. This construction boom is primarily driven by increased production of multifamily rental units (71% growth)—including both condominiums and market-rate rental housing. Over the same period—by comparison—single-family construction only increased by 8%.
  • Over two-thirds (69%) of Ohio's housing units are single-family detached homes, higher than the national average (62%), while 15% of housing units in the state are in multifamily structures of five or more units, compared to 19% nationwide.
  • Vacancy rates have been falling steadily since 2009. In 2021 the homeowner vacancy and rental vacancy rates hit their lowest recorded levels—0.4% and 4.0% respectively. At the end of 2022 these rates remained relatively low—0.9% and 6.2% respectively—indicating an extremely tight housing market.
  • From 2016 to 2021, there was a 38% decline in the number of vacant units available for sale or rent. In the same period, there was a 13% increase in the number of units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use, including short-term rental properties. These changes to the available housing supply are huge obstacles for prospective homebuyers and renters on fixed incomes.

Jump to: Change in Housing Stock | Structure Type | Housing Vacancy | Housing Mobility | Housing Quality


Please be advised that the following maps and data visualizations are provided for informational purposes only. Load times will vary depending on your internet connection speed. To download the data for a specific map or data visualization, first click in the white space of the graphic, click the "Download" button below and then click "Data" in the menu that pops up. You may also access most of the data through the downloadable tables in Excel posted lower down on the page.



Change in Housing Stock



Change in Number of Housing Units in the U.S. & Ohio

Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

Residential Construction in the U.S. & Ohio

Source: Building Permits Survey, U.S. Census Bureau; Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

Residential Construction by Structure Type

Source: Building Permits Survey, U.S. Census Bureau



Change in Number of Housing Units by Region

Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

Change in Number of Housing Units

Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau

Change in Residential Construction by Region

Source: Building Permits Survey, U.S. Census Bureau



Structure Type


Housing Units by Structure Type

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2021 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B25024



Single-Family Detached Homes as Share of Units

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2021 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B25024

Multifamily Units as Share of Units

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2021 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B25024

Mobile Homes as Share of Units

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2021 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B25024



Housing Vacancy



Quarterly Vacancy Rate, U.S. & Ohio, by Tenure

Source: Current Population Survey/Housing Vacancy Survey (CPS/HVS), U.S. Census Bureau

Vacant Housing Units by Vacancy Status

Source: American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, Table B25004



Vacancy Rate by Tenure & Region

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 & B25004

Homeowner Vacancy Rate

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 & B25004

Rental Vacancy Rate

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 & B25004

Vacation Homes as Share of All Housing Units

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2021 ACS One-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 & B25004



Housing Mobility


Geographic Mobility in Past Year by Tenure

Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates,Table B07013

Year Moved into Unit by Tenure

Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, Tables B25038 & B25039





Median Year Moved into Unit

Source: 2017–2021 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2021 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B25039



Housing Quality


Substandard Housing by Income and Tenure

Source: IPUMS USA, University of Minnesota (based on 2021 one-year-estimates)

Substandard Housing by Region and Tenure

Source: IPUMS USA, University of Minnesota (based on 2021 one-year-estimates)


Downloadable Tables


Related Reports


Notes

Data on new housing units authorized for construction are limited to privately-owned homes.

Vacation homes are identified by the Census Bureau as housing units for "seasonal, recreational, or occasional use."

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines substandard housing as a unit that lacks complete kitchen or plumbing facilities.

Ohio Regions are defined at the county level by TourismOhio, part of the Ohio Department of Development. Regional estimates of IPUMS USA data are calculated using a geographic correspondence file from the Missouri Census Data Center at the University of Missouri to "crosswalk" the data from Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) to counties.


Data Sources