This section details the general population trends within Ohio, as well as specific segments of the population that are at particular risk for housing challenges or housing insecurity. Population changes shape the demand of housing and provide insight into what types of housing are most needed. For example, a growing percentage of older adults and persons with disabilities means a need for accessible housing may be higher.
Section Highlights
- Ohio's population grew by 1.3% between 2010 and 2019. Much of this growth happened in suburbs and Central Ohio (+2.4% and +11% respectively), while urban cores and Southeast Ohio saw a decline (–1.5% and –2.6% respectively).
- Ohio's older adult population (31% in 2018) had been growing rapidly after 2000 (22%) but has been slowing down. Demographers predict the percentage of Ohioans aged 55 and over will peak by 2030 at 32%. Central Ohio's older adult population is expected to see the most growth by 2030 (+17%), while Southeast Ohio is expected to see a decline (–3.2%).
- Many older adults live alone; one out of every nine Ohio households – or over half a million – houses a single adult aged 65 or over, which adds substantial challenges to maintaining the cost and upkeep of a home.
- Ohio's oldest veterans face substantial housing cost burden. One-in-five veteran mortgage holders aged 75 and over (20%) were severely cost burdened in 2018, while 31% of veteran renters in that age group experienced severe rent burden.
- One-in-six Ohio adults (17%) were disabled in 2018. The prevalence of disability in Ohio has been generally increasing since 2008 and has consistently been above the national average (15% in 2018).
- There were 525 fair housing discrimination cases closed in Ohio in 2019, a 66% increase from the prior year. Most of these complaints (62%) involved discrimination on the basis of disability.
Jump to: Population Change | Median Age & Age Groups | Aging | Household & Family Type | Household Size | Race & National Origin | Veterans | Persons with Disabilities & Substance Abuse | Infant Mortality Rate | Fair Housing Discrimination
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Population Change
Change in Population in the United States & Ohio
Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Change in Population by Region
Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Change in Population
Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Change in Population by Typology
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B01003
Median Age & Age Groups
Population Distribution by Age & Sex
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Median Age for the United States & Ohio
Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Population by Age Group
Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Median Age
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Population by Age Group & Region
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Share of Population Under 18
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Share of Population 55 & Over
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Aging
Projected Share of Population 55 & Over by Age
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau; Population Characteristics and Projections, Ohio Development Services Agency (based on 2018 projections)
Projected Share of Population 55 & Over by Region
Source: Population Characteristics and Projections, Ohio Development Services Agency (based on 2018 projections)
Projected Share of Population 55 & Over
Source: Population Characteristics and Projections, Ohio Development Services Agency (based on 2018 projections)
Projected Change in Population 55 & Over by Region
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau; Population Characteristics and Projections, Ohio Development Services Agency (based on 2018 projections)
Projected Change in Population 55 & Over
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau; Population Characteristics and Projections, Ohio Development Services Agency (based on 2018 projections)
Household & Family Type
Householders 65 & Over & Living Alone, U.S. & Ohio
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, Table B11007
Householders 65 & Over & Living Alone by Region
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B11007
Householders 65 & Over & Living Alone
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B11007
Families with Children as Share of Households
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Tables B25009 & B25115
Households by Type & Typology
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Tables B25009 & B25115
Single Mothers with Children as Share of Renters
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B25115
Renter Households by Type & Typology
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B25115
Household Size
Average Household Size in the United States & Ohio
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, Tables B17001 & B25003
Average Household Size by Typology
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Tables B17001 & B25003
Race & National Origin
People of Color by Race & Ethnicity
Source: Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Born by World Region of Origin
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, Tables B05002 & B05006
Refugee Arrivals to the U.S. & Ohio per Million
Source: Worldwide Refugee Admissions Processing System, U.S. Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
Refugee Arrivals by World Region of Origin
Source: Worldwide Refugee Admissions Processing System, U.S. Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
People of Color by Race, Ethnicity & Region
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
People of Color as Share of Population
Source: 2018 Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Born by World Region of Origin & Ohio Region
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Tables B05002 & B05006
Foreign Born as Share of Population
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B05002
Veterans
Severe Homeowner Cost Burden, Veterans, by Age
Source: IPUMS USA, University of Minnesota (based on 2018 data)
Severe Rent Burden for Veterans by Age
Source: IPUMS USA, University of Minnesota (based on 2018 data)
Veterans as Share of Civilian Adults by Region
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B21001
Veterans as Share of Civilian Adults
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, Table B21001
Severe Homeowner Cost Burden, Veterans, by Region
Source: IPUMS USA, University of Minnesota (based on 2014–2018 five-year estimates)
Severe Rent Burden for Veterans by Region
Source: IPUMS USA, University of Minnesota (based on 2014–2018 five-year estimates)
Persons With Disabilities & Substance Abuse
Disability Prevalence Rates for the U.S. & Ohio
Source: American Community Survey (ACS) One-Year Estimates, Table B18101
Housing Problems for Disabled Renters
Source: 2012–2016 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, Table 6
Opiate Overdose Mortality Rates for the U.S. & Ohio
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health; Health United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC; Population and Housing Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau
Disability Prevalence Rate by Region
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B18101
Disability Prevalence Rate
Source: 2014–2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates, 2018 ACS One-Year Estimates, Table B18101
Opiate Overdose Mortality Rate by Region
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health (based on 2018 data)
Opiate Overdose Mortality Rate
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health (based on cumulative data from 2014 to 2018)
Infant Mortality Rate
Infant Mortality Rates for the United States & Ohio
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health; National Vital Statistics Reports, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Infant Mortality Rate Gap, Black & White
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health
Infant Mortality Rate by Region
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health (based on cumulative data from 2009 to 2018)
Infant Mortality Rate
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health (based on cumulative data from 2009 to 2018)
Infant Mortality Gap, Black & White, by Region
Source: Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health (based on cumulative data from 2009 to 2018)
Fair Housing Discrimination
Fair Housing Discrimination Cases Closed by Basis
Source: Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (public data request)
Fair Housing Discrimination Cases Closed by Region
Source: Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (public data request, as of December 31, 2019)
Downloadable Tables
- Demographics Tables (226 KB Excel File)
Related Reports
- Fiscal Year 2019 Housing Needs Assessment (20.21 MB Adobe PDF File)
- Ohio Housing Finance Agency 2019 Annual Report (7.86 MB Adobe PDF File)
Notes
According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees, refugees are people who have fled their country of origin to escape a war or due to a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, social status, or politics, and have been awarded special protective status. Only a small fraction of the world's refugee population is considered for final resettlement in the United States. The U.S. Department of State then helps match refugees with local resettlement agencies around the country. Refugee arrivals count the number of refugees initially resettled by the State Department and do not reflect secondary migration.
Opiates, or opioids, include the illegal drug heroin, the synthetic drug fentanyl and pain medications available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine and morphine. The unintentional opiate overdose mortality rate is the number of deaths per 100,000 population and is a crude rate (i.e., not age-adjusted).
The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (before the first birthday) per 1,000 live births in the year prior.
Death counts are suppressed at the county level if fewer than 10. Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are thus also suppressed.
Bases of discrimination are defined in Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (a.k.a., the Fair Housing Act). "Familial status" refers to discrimination based on the presence of children under 18 years of age. "Sex" includes discrimination on the basis of sex, gender identity or sexual orientation. "Retaliation" is defined as punishment by a landlord–such as non-renewal of a lease or threats of eviction–in response to a previously filed fair housing complaint. Individual cases can have more than one basis of discrimination.
World Regions are defined by the U.S. Department of State at the country level.
Ohio Regions are defined by the Ohio Development Services Agency at the county level. Regional estimates based on IPUMS USA data are calculated using a geographic correspondence file from the Missouri Census Data Center at the University of Missouri to "crosswalk" the data from Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) to counties.
Typologies are defined at the census tract level in the OHFA 2018–2019 USR Opportunity Index by the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at The Ohio State University. They are based on a combination of road network density, housing density, population density and age of housing.
NH = non-Hispanic.
Data Sources
- Ohio Department of Health, Ohio Public Health Data Warehouse
- Ohio Development Services Agency, Office of Research, Population Characteristics and Projections
- Ohio Development Services Agency, TourismOhio, Ohio Regions
- Ohio State University, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, OHFA USR Opportunity Index
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey (ACS)
- U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population and Housing Estimates
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Health United States
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Reports
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD User, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy Data
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (public data request)
- U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Refugee Processing Center, Worldwide Refugee Admissions Processing System
- U.S. Department of State, Countries and Regions (archived content)
- University of Minnesota, IPUMS USA
- University of Missouri, Missouri Census Data Center, Geocorr Applications